If Lytro's first camera offered us a sneak peek at the promise of light field photography, the company's second-generation product swings those doors wide open. A far cry from the toy-like appearance of its predecessor, the $1,599 Lytro Illum looks and feels like a genuine full-fledged camera meant for a more professional crowd. The innovation doesn't stop at just looks either, as the Illum is a much more serious effort at light field photography, with cutting-edge optics, a larger sensor and a whole lot of computational power that might make the Illum the most technologically advanced camera to land in consumer hands.
When Lytro first introduced its light
field camera two years ago, it shook up not just the world of
photography, but of technology in general. Bundled inside a tiny
rectangular block was a groundbreaking image sensor that could capture
millions of rays of light along with their color, intensity and
direction -- a task that previously required hundreds of cameras and a
supercomputer. That hardware, combined with some complex software, meant
that you could not only get a 3D image from a single shot, but also had
the ability to refocus a photograph after you take it. It's
this latter trick that is arguably the Lytro camera's most identifying
characteristic, and the one that put it on the technological map.
Fast-forward to 2014 however, and there
are now several smartphones that can imitate this refocusing trickery,
albeit via software and some clever workarounds. Nokia's Refocus app,
for example, snaps several photos in a row with varying depths of field
and is then able to suss out focus after the fact. Others, like LG's G Pro 2 and Samsung's Galaxy S5 utilize software to blur out photos. Indeed, all Android phones with 4.4 KitKat and up can fake a bokeh effect thanks to a new Lens Blur
option in Google's default camera app. Rather than being upset by this
phenomenon, however, Lytro sees it as a positive sign. Lytro CEO Jason
Rosenthal and founder Dr. Ren Ng tell us they're flattered and humbled
by the fact that their technology has been emulated by some of the
"largest, most powerful consumer electronics in the world."
Thankfully, however, refocusing is hardly
the only benefit light field photography brings to the table. "Light
field photography is about capturing the richest information,
fundamentally richer than we've ever had" said Ng. "This is so we can
bring a whole new set of capabilities that were impossible before,
because we can turn physics into software." This means, Ng said, that
they can now entrust once physical characteristics of cameras entirely
to computation.
It is this capability that's being
introduced for the first time in the Lytro Illum and it's been applied
to the lens itself. What do we mean? Well, a classic Canon camera lens
that has a zoom range of 70 to 200mm has about 22 pieces of glass. The
Illum lens, on the other hand, has a zoom range of 30 to 250 mm with a
very wide f/2 aperture across it -- and only has 13 pieces of glass.
That same Canon lens (plus a full-frame body like the EOS-1D X) would
likely weigh around eight pounds. The entire weight of the Illum? About a
pound and a half. According to Ng, that's because in the Canon lens, "a
lot of the glass is used to work correcting aberrations in light. It
needs the curvature of the light to make the photons land on the sensor
to form the image that you want." With the Lytro's unique image sensor,
however, it's able to figure out the direction of the light ray using
computation and software instead.
"It's thinner, lighter and it has a
bigger zoom range and a bigger aperture than you could've ever gotten
conventionally," said Ng. "We're doing in software what physical pieces
of glass had historically had to do." Ng added, "To design something
like this with a conventional camera would essentially be impossible."
And what a design it is. The Lytro Illum
looks like something out of a museum or a designer piece from a Parisian
fashion house. It's a sleek and stylish thing, with a unibody magnesium
chassis that's attached to a gorgeous anodized aluminum lens barrel
equipped with both zoom and focusing rings. The grip and aforementioned
rings are wrapped in what appears to be silicone rubber, which is supple
enough to be kind to our hands and fingers. Over on the top right by
the grip is a large shutter button along with a Lytro button that offers
a visual depth-assist histogram (more on that later). Rounding out the
physical controls are two adjustable dials (they default to setting the
exposure and the ISO, but you can customize them), lock buttons for both
autofocus and autoexposure and a couple of other programmable keys.
Sitting atop the camera is a hot shoe that'll fit any standard flash,
while the SD card slot and USB 3.0 port are on the left side in a hidden
compartment. The Illum has built-in WiFi for wirelessly transmitting
those living light field images to Lytro's servers, your desktop or
directly to your iOS device.
If you're wondering why there's a
focusing ring on a camera that lets you refocus the image after the
fact, well, it's because depending on the depth of field, there might
not be a lot of difference between the foreground and the background. If
you turn on the Illum's depth-assist histogram, however, you'll be able
to see a depth overlay that color codes things that are up close and in
the refocusing range in green, and things that are at the far edge of
the range in orange. Ideally, what you want is a nice gradient of green
to orange for the most amount of depth and to maximize the drama in your
shots.
What's perhaps more astounding than the
camera's chassis, however, is the 4-inch touchscreen on the back. As we
know, most DSLRs have a user interface that's rather incomprehensible
for most camera newbies. The number of buttons and dials that you have
to remember can be quite complicated, which is a stark contrast from the
camera apps on most tablets and smartphones. Lytro, however, has taken a
cue from those apps and integrated that same simplistic usability
approach to the interface on the Illum. All you have to do is tap on an
image to autofocus, and toggling through the different settings is just a
touch and a scroll away. Rosenthal tells us they're still working out
the kinks in the software, but right now, it looks like you can change
the artificial horizon, adjust the grid, switch from continuous to
single shooting mode, set a self timer and change between Program, ISO,
Shutter and Manual control.
On top of that, the entire touchscreen is
actually angled slightly so that the display faces you when you hold
the camera to your waist. "We think a new shooting style should
naturally evolve," said Rosenthal. "We're so used to holding the camera
to our face, or holding it away from us -- we think that a natural
evolution would be to hold the camera around hip height." If you want to
adjust the screen even more, however, you can actually pop the screen
out and articulate it to even more angles. If you're into selfies,
however, you're out of luck, as the display doesn't actually swivel all
the way around.
At the heart of the Illum is a giant 40
Megaray light ray sensor, which means it's able to capture 40 million
rays of light (in contrast, the original only has 11 Megarays). This
gives it about four times the area size, with a lot more light-capture
efficiency and more pixels and resolutions to play around with. The
refocusing, for example, is much finer and more granular -- we were able
to focus in so tight on a labrador's nozzle that we could see its
pores. We should warn you, however, that if you were to save out a 40
Megaray file into something more suitable for print, it's equivalent to
only about 5 megapixels. In addition, the Illum has a mechanical shutter
with a speed of 1/4000th of a second, which Rosenthal says would make
it great for sports photography. He showed us an example of a Lytro
image where it captured a cloud of dirt as a motorcycle went around a
dirt track. If you'd rather shoot things up close, the Illum has an
extremely close-up macro capability as well, allowing us to zoom in
really close on a pair of jeans and home in on the stitches. Powering
it all is one of the highest performance chipsets available; Qualcomm's
Snapdragon 801, which is, incidentally, featured in Samsung's new
Galaxy S5 as well as the HTC One M8.
Of course, all images on the Illum are captured in the
same light field format as before, and you'll need to use Lytro's own
software to process them. You get all of the same software tricks as
before, like 3D imaging and post-shot refocusing, but you'll also now be
able to adjust the depth of field in order to widen or narrow the
focusing area. Additionally, Lytro has worked out a deal with Adobe and
Apple so you can transfer those images to Lightroom, Photoshop or
Aperture if you wish to work on them after you've adjusted the image's
focus and depth of field to your heart's desire.
More than just taking a good photo, however, Rosenthal and
Ng believe that light field photography allows for living art. It's one
of the reasons Lytro is also introducing something called Light Field
Animations, which are video-like capabilities that essentially animate
the effects of image refocusing. "If you think of how pictures work
today online, it's as if we took our parent's photo albums, ripped out
the 4-by-6 prints, and just shoved them up on the web," said Ng. "We're
on this long-term journey of taking these advanced hardware and software
capabilities to just make storytelling and photography more immersive,
more interesting and more interactive."
As for who the target audience for the Illum is, Rosenthal
and Ng say that they're aiming for a group of people they're calling
"creative pioneers." These are people who've embraced the original Lytro
for its unique capabilities, of course, but also folks who are willing
to take a chance on a new way of looking at photos. The ideal audience
for the lllum is someone who's probably already well-versed in
photography, but Rosenthal and Ng say the camera should also be simple
enough for the curious amateur as the next step up from smartphones and
point-and-shoots. In order to demonstrate this, Lytro has given an early
version of the Illum to a group of professional photographers whose
work you can see in the album above.
When asked if Lytro plans on selling the technology to a
third-party camera manufacturer like a Canon or a Nikon, Rosenthal
simply replied: "What we want to do is focus on the transition from
digital to computational. We want to deliver the most outstanding
end-to-end consumer experience, so that they can pick it up and go
'Wow.'" However, he did hint that there might come a time when light
field will dominate as an imaging medium "that'll enable other people to
build cameras" similar to Lytro's, but "that time is still a ways from
now."
The Lytro Illum will be available starting July 15th for
$1,599, which sounds expensive, but the closest professional camera with
a similar lens will likely cost thousands more. And if you pre-order
before that date, you can snag one for the introductory price of $1,499.
"If Camera 1.0 was film-based, and Camera 2.0 was the
transition from film to digital, we're at Camera 3.0. It's about
collecting very rich information about the world," said Rosenthal.
"We're only just getting started. We can do much, much more in the
future."
Source: Lytro
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